Wednesday, July 25, 2012
Tuesday, July 24, 2012
Computing: The Science of Nearly Everything
Computer Science…Research, Education and Policy
A set of top Computer Science blogs
with 35 comments
This started out as a list of top Computer Science blogs, but it more closely resembles a set: the order is irrelevant and there are no duplicate elements; membership of this set of blogs satisfies all of the following conditions:
- they are written by computer scientists and focus on computer science research;
- they are of consistently high quality;
- I regularly read them.
N.B. I have deliberately excluded blogs primarily focusing on computer science education (for another time).
- The Endeavour by John D. Cook (@JohnDCook)John’s blog cuts across using computing, programming and mathematics to solve real-world problems, pulling in his wide expertise as a mathematics professor, programmer, consultant, manager and statistician. Some great posts across the technical and socio-technical spectrum. Also runs a number ofuseful Twitter tip accounts, including @CompSciFact, @UnixToolTip, @RegexTip and @TeXtip.
- Serious Engineering by Anthony Finkelstein (@profserious)Anthony is Dean of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences at UCL, having previously been the Head of the UCL Computer Science. His regular blog posts are an insightful and thought-provoking journey across computer science, engineering, research and academia.
- Computational Complexity by Lance Fortnow (@fortnow) and Bill GasarchSince 2002, the first major theoretical computer science blog; computational complexity and other fun stuff in mathematics and computer science.
- Daniel Lemire’s blog by Daniel Lemire (@lemire)Daniel Lemire is a professor in the Cognitive Computer Science research group at LICEF in Canada, with his popular blog covering topics across his research areas (databases, data warehousing, information retrieval and recommender systems), as well as programming, education, economics and open science.
- Gödel’s Lost Letter and P=NP by Dick Lipton (@rjlipton) and Ken ReganThis is a blog on
and other questions in the theory of computing, named after the famous letter that Gödel wrote to von Neumann which essentially stated the
- Editor’s Letters by Moshe Vardi (@vardi)Moshe Vardi, a distinguished and award-winning theoretical computer scientist, has served as Editor-in-Chief of Communications of the ACM since 2008, discussing a wide range of topics across computer science, research and technology. Certainly worth following on Twitter too.
- Alan Winfield’s Web Log by Alan Winfield (@alan_winfield)Alan is the Hewlett-Packard Professor of Electronic Engineering at UWE and his blog is mostly, but not exclusively, about robots. It also touches upon artificial intelligence, artificial culture, ethics and biology, highlighting his definition of robotics as both engineering and experimental philosophy.
- Lambda the Ultimate, the Programming Languages Weblog (@lambda_ultimate)This site deals with issues directly related to programming languages and programming language research, as well as forays to bordering issues such as programmability and language in general. This is a community, but not for specific programming problems in some language; unfounded generalisations about programming languages are usually frowned on.
- BLOG@CACM by Communications of the ACM (@blogCACM)The Communications site publishes two types of blogs: the on-site BLOG@CACM expert blogs, as well as a blogroll of syndicated blogs, essentially covering the spectrum of computer science, research, education and technology. Something for everyone!
- Google Research Blog by Google (@googleresearch)The latest news on Google research, focusing on some of their key areas of interest: e-commerce, algorithms, HCI, information retrieval, machine learning, data mining, NLP, multimedia, computer vision, statistics, security and privacy.
Clearly this set is incomplete — please post your CS research blog recommendations in the comments below; I’d be particularly interested in blogs covering hardware and computer architectures.
Thursday, July 19, 2012
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Linux
History of Linux
The History of Linux began in 1991 with the commencement of a personal project by a Finnish student, Linus Torvalds, to create a new operating system kernel.Since then, the resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to its state in 2009 of over 370 megabytes of source under the GNU General Public License.[1
Events leading to creation
In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project with the goal of creating a free UNIX-like operating system.[2] As part of this work, he wrote the GNU General Public License (GPL). By the early 1990s there was almost enough available software to create a full operating system. However, the GNU kernel, called Hurd, failed to attract enough attention from developers leaving GNU incomplete.
Another free operating system project, initially released in 1977, was the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). This was developed by UC Berkeley from the 6th edition of Unix from AT&T. Since BSD contained Unix code that AT&T owned, AT&T filed a lawsuit (USL v. BSDi) in the early 1990s against the University of California. This strongly limited the development and adoption of BSD.[3][4]
In 1985, Intel released the 80386, the first x86 microprocessor with 32-bit instruction set and MMU with paging.[5]
In 1986, Maurice J. Bach, of AT&T Bell Labs, published The Design of the UNIX Operating System.[6] This definitive description principally covered the System V Release 2 kernel, with some new features from Release 3 and BSD.
MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in 1987. While source code for the system was available, modification and redistribution were restricted. In addition, MINIX's 16-bit design was not well adapted to the 32-bit features of the increasingly cheap and popular Intel 386 architecture for personal computers.
These factors and the lack of a widely adopted, free kernel provided the impetus for Torvalds's starting his project. He has stated that if either the GNU or 386BSD kernels were available at the time, he likely would not have written his own.[7][8]
The creation of Linux
As Torvalds wrote in his book Just for Fun,[9] he eventually realized that he had written an operating system kernel. On 25 August 1991, he announced this system in a Usenet posting to the newsgroup "comp.os.minix.":[10]
Hello everybody out there using minix -
I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things).
I've currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I'll get something practical within a few months, and I'd like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won't promise I'll implement them :-)
Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
PS. Yes – it's free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs. It is NOT portable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that's all I have :-(.—Linus Torvalds [11]
| No. | State | Capital | Chief Minister |
| 1 | Andhra Pradesh | Hyderabad | Kiran Kumar Reddy |
| 2 | Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar | Nabam Tuki |
| 3 | Assam | Dispur | Tarun Gogoi |
| 4 | Bihar | Patna | Nitish Kumar |
| 5 | Chhattisgarh | Raipur | Dr. Raman Singh |
| 6 | Goa | Panaji | Manohar Parrikar |
| 7 | Gujarat | Gandhinagar | Narendra Modi |
| 8 | Haryana | Chandigarh | Bhupinder Singh Hooda |
| 9 | Himachal Pradesh | Shimla | Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal |
| 10 | Jammu and Kashmir | Srinagar | Omar Abdullah |
| 11 | Jharkhand | Ranchi | Arjun Munda |
| 12 | Karnataka | Bengaluru | Jagadish Shettar |
| 13 | Kerala | Thiruvananthapuram | Oommen Chandy |
| 14 | Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal | Shivraj Singh Chouhan |
| 15 | Maharashtra | Mumbai | Prithviraj Chavan |
| 16 | Manipur | Imphal | Okram Ibobi Singh |
| 17 | Meghalaya | Shillong | Dr. Mukul Sangma |
| 18 | Mizoram | Aizawl | Pu Lalthanhawla |
| 19 | Nagaland | Kohima | Neiphiu Rio |
| 20 | Orissa | Bhubaneswar | Naveen Patnaik |
| 21 | Punjab | Chandigarh | Parkash Singh Badal |
| 22 | Rajasthan | Jaipur | Ashok Gehlot |
| 23 | Sikkim | Gangtok | Pawan Chamling |
| 24 | Tamil Nadu | Chennai | Ms. J. Jayalalithaa |
| 25 | Tripura | Agartala | Manik Sarkar |
| 26 | Uttar Pradesh | Lucknow | Akhilesh Yadav |
| 27 | Uttarakhand | Dehradun | Vijay Bahuguna |
| 28 | West Bengal | Kolkata | Ms. Mamata Banerjee |
| http://www.go4quiz.com/955/list-of-indias-28-states-capitals-and-chief-ministers/ |
Tuesday, May 8, 2012
Difference between Long Term Investments and Short Term Investments
There are a lot of different types of investments that are available these days like long term investments and short term investments. At the same time there are a lot of different investment strategies and investors. In some cases choosing between all these could be quite difficult because it is necessary to decide on how much risk you are ready to take and how fast you want your investment to grow.
The compromise between safety and risk and comparative growth rates is what differentiates long term and short term investments. You need to know that short term investments are made for a short period of time and show a significant gain at once while long term investments are designed to last for several years and thus showing a slow but steady increase. While investing for a long period of time you will see a significant gain only at the end of the term.
Usually short term investments tend to carry more risk and show higher rates of fluctuation compared to long term investments. There is a good chance that you will make money with a short term investment, but as well there is a chance that you will lose all your invested money.
Investing in bonds and stocks is a great example of a short term investment and precise timing in buying and selling of stocks can make you rich overnight. However, there is a disadvantage as well – you could end up losing all your money making a bad bet on an investment.
On the other hand, long term investments have an ability to gain amounts of money over a long period of time. With such investments you will have a greater degree of stability as well as a lower risk than with short term investments. Traditionally long term investments are chosen as an investment option when there is a lot of time on hand like a retirement fund which continues to grow over years, maturing as you need it.
Monday, May 7, 2012
success stories
First Indian woman in space ...Born on 1962, in Karnal, India
Kalpana completed her Graduation from Tagore School , Karnal , India Punjab Engineering College , India University of Texas University of Colorado
Also she held a Certificated Flight Instructors license with airplane and glider ratings, Commercial Pilots licenses for single- and multi-engine land and seaplanes, and Gliders, and instrument rating for airplanes. She enjoyed flying aerobatics and tail-wheel airplanes.
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"Im just lucky to be alive." Mark Zuckerberg, the 22-year-old founder and CEO of social-networking site Facebook, is talking about the time he came face-to face with the barrel of a gun. It was the spring of 2005, and he was driving from Palo Alto toBerkeley
Just a few hours earlier, he had signed documents that secured a heady $12.7 million in venture capital to finance his fledgling business. It was a coming-of-age moment, and he was on his way to celebrate with friends in the East Bay
employee spilled the beans.) But it fits the road he has taken--an adventure with unexpected, sometimes harrowing, moments that has turned out better than anyone might have predicted. Zuckerbergs life so far is like a movie script. A supersmart kid invents a tech phenomenon while attending an Ivy League school--lets say, Harvard—and launches it to rave reviews. Big shots circle his dorm to make his acquaintance; he
drops out of college to grow his baby and Change The World As We Know It. Just three years in, what started as a networking site for college students has become a go-to tool for 19 million registered users, including employees of government agencies and Fortune 500 companies. More than half of the users visit
every day. When a poorly explained new feature brought howls of protests from users--some 700,000--the media old and new jumped to cover the backlash. But Facebook emerged stronger than ever. According to comScore Media Metrix, which tracks Web activity, it is now the sixth most-trafficked site in the United States
And it is starting to compete with Google and other tech titans as a destination for top young engineering talent in Silicon Valley . Debra Aho Williamson, a senior analyst at eMarketer, says it is on track to bring in $100 million in revenue this year--serious money indeed. Yet there is an undercurrent of controversy about whether Mark Zuckerberg is making the right decisions about the juggernaut he has created. Late last year, a blog called TechCrunch posted documents said to be a part of an internal valuation of Facebook by Yahoo. The documents projected that Facebook would generate $969 million in revenue, with 48 million users, by 2010.
The New York Times and others reported that Yahoo had made a $1 billion offer to buy Facebook -- and Zuckerberg and his partners had turned it down. This followed an earlier rumor of a $750 million offer from Viacom. Yahoo, Viacom, and Facebook would not comment on the deal talk (and they still wont). But Silicon Valley has been abuzz ever since. "Its all been very interesting," deadpans Zuckerberg, sitting in a conference
room in Facebooks Palo Alto
Zuckerbergs college-kid style reinforces the doubts of those who see the decision to keep Facebook independent as a lapse in judgment. In less than two years, the two reigning Web 2.0 titans have sold out to major corporations: MySpace accepted $580 million to join News Corp., and YouTube took $1.5 billion from Google. Surely any smart entrepreneur would jump at a chance to piggyback on those deals. Looming over the
Facebook talk is the specter of Friendster, the first significant social-networking site. It reportedly turned down a chance to sell out to Google in 2002 for $30 million, which if paid in stock, would be worth about $1 billion today.
Now Friendster is struggling in the Web-o-sphere, having been swiftly eclipsed by the next generation of sites. The same thing could happen to Facebook. New social-networking sites are popping up every day. Cisco bought Five Across, which sells a software platform for social networking to corporate clients. Microsoft is beta-testing a site named Wallop.
Even Reuters is planning to launch its own online face book, targeting fund managers and traders. So is Zuckerberg being greedy--holding out for a bigger money buyout? If so, will that come back to haunt him? If not, what exactly is his game lan? Zuckerbergs answer is that hes playing a different kind of game. "Im here to build something for the long term," he says. "Anything else is a distraction." He and his compatriots at the helm of the company--cofounder and VP of engineering Dustin Moskovitz, 22, his roommate at Harvard, and chief technology officer Adam DAngel
Narayana Murthy and Team
How Infosys was born
The idea of Infosys was born on a morning in January 1981. That fateful day, N R Narayana Murthy and six software engineers sat in his apartment debating how they could create a company to write software codes.
Six months later, Infosys was registered as a private limited company on July 2, 1981. Infosys co-founder N S Raghavan's house in Matunga, northcentral Mumbai, was its registered office. It was then known as Infosys Consultants Pvt Ltd.
What was the company's starting capital?
US $250. Murthy borrowed $250 from his wife Sudha to start the company. The front room of Murthy's home was Infosys' first office, although the registered office was Raghavan's home.
Who were Murthy's six friends who joined hands to launch Infosys?
Nandan Nilekani, N S Raghavan, S Gopalakrishnan , S D Shibulal, K Dinesh and Ashok Arora.
Are all of them still the founding directors?
Murthy is currently chief mentor and chairman while Nilekani is the chief executive officer and managing director. Gopalakrishnan, Shibulal and Dinesh are directors. Raghavan retired as joint managing director in 2000. He is currently the chairman of the advisory council of the N S Raghavan Centre for Entrepreneurial Learning at the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore
Ashok Arora worked for the company till 1988 and left after selling his shares in the then unlisted company back to the other promoters. He moved to the United States
'Murthy was always broke'
'Murthy was always broke. He always owed me money. We used to go for dinner and he would say, 'I don't have money with me, you pay my share, will return it to you later.' For three years, I maintained a book of Murthy's debts to me. No, he never returned the money and I finally tore it up after our wedding. The amount was a little over Rs 4,000.'
-- An excerpt from Sudha Murthy's reminiscences. She is the wife of Infosys founder N R Narayana Murthy.
-- An excerpt from Sudha Murthy's reminiscences. She is the wife of Infosys founder N R Narayana Murthy.
Those days, Murthy wanted to do something with his life, but he had no money. Murthy was married to Sudha on February 10, 1978, while he was working with Patni Computers.
In 1981, it was Murthy's idea to start Infosys. Murthy had a dream, and no money. So Sudha gave him Rs 10,000, which she had saved without his knowledge. Murthy and his six colleagues started Infosys in 1981.
No, it was not in Bangalore
Success stories of great men and great women who started from failures
http://prakashkl.hubpages.com/hub/To-manage-failures-and-acheive-success-in-life
Abraham Lincoln
1.SUCCESS STORY OF ABRAHAMLINCOLN
We all know who is Abraham Lincoln. He was the president of USA. There is a number of failures for him before getting the president ship.
At 21 years of age, he failed in thebusiness.
At 22 year of age, he was defeated in the election for assembly.
At 24 years of age, he again tasted failure in the business.
At 26 years of age , his lover passes away.
At 27 years of age, he was in deep mental agony.
At 34 years of age, he was defeated in the American congress election.
At 45 years of age, he was defeated in the senate election.
At 47 years of age, he was defeated in the election for vice-president.
At 49 years of age, he was again defeated in the senate election.
AT 52 YEARS OF AGE ABRAHAM LINCOLN WON THE ELECTION FOR PRESIDENT.
Normally one would have fed up with the defeat and live with what he has. But Lincoln have fought all the defeats and found the success in the end.
Thomas alva edison
2.SUCCESS STORY OF THOMAS ALVA EDISON
Once a student named Tomyreturned home from school crying loud. On seeing this his mother asked him what had happened. He show her a letter from his class teacher. His classteacher complained that Tomy is not clever, brilliant and smart enough to continue in the school. He is a laggard and the teacher wants the Tomy's mother to transfer Tomy from the school. This Tomy later become the great scientistTHOMA ALVA EDISON. Thomas Alva Edison had only 3 month education in the school. Thomas Elva Edison failed around 10000times in the discovery of Electric bulb.
3.SUCCESS STORY OF DHIRUBHAI AMBANI
Dhirubhai Ambani started his entrepreneurial career by selling "bhajias" to pilgrims in Mount Girnar over the weekends during his early days. After doing his matriculation at the age of 16, Dhirubhai moved to Aden, Yemen. He worked there as a gas-station attendant, and as a dispatch clerk with A.Besse & Co. After becoming the distributor for the Shell products,A.Besse & Co promoted Dhirubhai to manage the company`s oil filling station at the port of Aden. But he returned to India in 1958 with Rs 50,000 and started the Reliance Commercial Corporation with a capital of Rs 15,000. From modest Rs.50,000 his empire now worth around 10 lakhs crores. What more he does not attend the school. If one have the patience and self confidence and dedication for the aim in his life, one can taste success. Success will always follow the hard work. Clouds cannot always keep the sun in darkness.
Warren Buffet
5.SUCCESS STORY OF WARREN BUFFET
As a young boy, he delivered newspapers and filed his first tax return at age 13 – and he claimed $35 deduction for the bicycle he bought. Now he is the second richest person in the world.
The theme behind all the stories are that these leaders dream big. Really big.
Lary Page and Sergy Brin
6.SUCCESS STORY OF LARRY PAGE AND SERGEY BRIN
No need of introduction. In 1998Google sets up workspace in Susan Wojcicki's garage at 232 Santa Margarita, Men-lo park and Larry and Sergey hire Craig Silverstein as their first employee. Rest is history. They too failed first. They approached Yahooin their earlier years for selling the idea. But the reply was NO. Then what happened. Now Google is bigger than Yahoo.
Nowadays people tend to give more focus on failures. They easily come to the conclusion that they are not capable of doing it. Any one who believes he can do it, can do it hundreds of times if he try it for 99 times. There is no short cut to success. Success can be achieved only by hard work and practice. Without these thing success will always elude you. All success people have short comings. All failed people too have short comings. The difference is that success people try hard to impair their shortcomings but failed one repent and live and die along with their shortcomings.
Lawrence "Larry" Page[2] (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur who, with Sergey Brin, is best known as the co-founder of Google. On April 4, 2011, he took on the role of chief executive officer of Google, replacing Eric Schmidt.[3][4] As of 2012, his personal wealth is estimated to be $18.7 billion.[1] He is the inventor of PageRank, which became the foundation of Google's search ranking algorithm.[5]
Early life and education
Larry Page was born in Lansing, Michigan.[6][7] His father, Carl Page, earned a Ph.D. in computer science in 1965 when the field was in its infancy, and is considered a "pioneer in computer science and artificial intelligence." Both he and Page's mother were computer science professors atMichigan State University.[8][9] Gloria Page, his mother, is Jewish but he was raised without religion.[10]
Page attended the Okemos Montessori School (now called Montessori Radmoor) in Okemos, Michigan from 1975 to 1979, and graduated from East Lansing High School in 1991.[11] He holds a Bachelor of Science in computer engineering from the University of Michigan with honors and a Master of Science in computer science from Stanford University. While at the University of Michigan, "Page created an inkjet printer made of Lego bricks" (actually a line plotter),[12] served as the president of the Eta Kappa Nu in Fall 1994,[13] and was a member of the 1993 "Maize & Blue" University of Michigan Solar Car team.
During an interview, Page recalled his childhood, noting that his house "was usually a mess, with computers and Popular Science magazines all over the place". His attraction to computers started when he was six years old when he got to "play with the stuff lying around". He became the "first kid in his elementary school to turn in an assignment from a word processor."[14] His older brother also taught him to take things apart, and before long he was taking "everything in his house apart to see how it worked". He said that "from a very early age, I also realized I wanted to invent things. So I became really interested in technology...and business . . . probably from when I was 12, I knew I was going to start a company eventually".[14]
After enrolling for a Ph.D. program in computer science at Stanford University, Larry Page was in search of a dissertation theme and considered exploring the mathematical properties of the World Wide Web, understanding its link structure as a huge graph.[15][16] His supervisor Terry Winogradencouraged him to pursue this idea, which Page later recalled as "the best advice I ever got".[17] Page then focused on the problem of finding out which web pages link to a given page, considering the number and nature of such backlinks to be valuable information about that page (with the role ofcitations in academic publishing in mind).[16] In his research project, nicknamed "BackRub", he was soon joined by Sergey Brin, a fellow Stanford Ph.D. student.[16]
John Battelle, co-founder of Wired magazine, wrote of Page that he had reasoned that the "entire Web was loosely based on the premise of citation – after all, what is a link but a citation? If he could devise a method to count and qualify each backlink on the Web, as Page puts it 'the Web would become a more valuable place'."[16] Battelle further described how Page and Brin began working together on the project:
- "At the time Page conceived of BackRub, the Web comprised an estimated 10 million documents, with an untold number of links between them. The computing resources required to crawl such a beast were well beyond the usual bounds of a student project. Unaware of exactly what he was getting into, Page began building out his crawler.
- "The idea's complexity and scale lured Brin to the job. A polymath who had jumped from project to project without settling on a thesis topic, he found the premise behind BackRub fascinating. "I talked to lots of research groups" around the school, Brin recalls, "and this was the most exciting project, both because it tackled the Web, which represents human knowledge, and because I liked Larry".[16]
Brin and Page originally met in March 1995, during a spring orientation of new computer Ph.D. candidates. Page, who had already been in the program for two years, was assigned to show some students, including Brin, around campus, and they later became good friends.[18]
To convert the backlink data gathered by BackRub's web crawler into a measure of importance for a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm, and realized that it could be used to build a search engine far superior to existing ones.[16] It relied on a new kind of technology that analyzed the relevance of the back links that connected one Web page to another.[18] In August 1996, the initial version of Google was made available, still on the Stanford University Web site.[16]
[edit]Business
Main articles: Google and History of Google
In 1998, Brin and Page founded Google, Inc.[19] Page ran Google as co-president along with Brin until 2001 when they hired Eric Schmidt as Chairman and CEO of Google. In January 2011 Google announced that Page would replace Schmidt as CEO in April the same year.[20] Both Page and Brin earn an annual compensation of one dollar. On April 4, 2011, Page officially became the chief executive of Google, while Schmidt stepped down to become executive chairman.
[edit]Personal life
Page married Lucinda Southworth at Richard Branson's Caribbean island, Necker Island in 2007.[21] Southworth is a research scientist and sister of actress and model Carrie Southworth.[22][23][24] They have one child.
[edit]Other interests
Page is an active investor in alternative energy companies, such as Tesla Motors, which developed the Tesla Roadster, a 244-mile (393 km) rangebattery electric vehicle.[25] He continues to be committed to renewable energy technology, and with the help of Google.org, Google's philanthropic arm, promotes the adoption of plug-in hybrid electric cars and other alternative energy investments.[14]
Brin and Page are the executive producers of the 2007 film Broken Arrows.[26]
13. Success story of Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs need no introduction to anybody in the world. But you know he had slept in the floor of friends's door rooms. He returned coke bottles for money. Steve jobs while in India, regularly got weekly free meals from local temple. A below par student as per the teachers of his school. But how he made Billions. Sheer hard work and confidence in his abilities. Perseverance and sticking to his strengths and proving that he means business. Rest is history.
14) Success story of Walt Disney
A great success story.... Walt Disney dropped out from school at the age of 16. First he worked as cartoonist. Rejected from the army due to under age, He worked as a news paper artist. No body wanted to hire him as artist. Then he moved to a new job of making ads for news papers which was a temporary job. Then along with his brother he acquired Laugh-O-Gram which went into bankruptcy and he was unable to pay his debts. But he never losses heart. He continued working hard and explored newer ways of making successes and rest is history.
15) Success story of Infosys
Every one in the world now knows about Infosys. But how many knows how the company come into existence. N.R.Narayana murthy who is the founder of the company had borrowed $250 from his wife, Sudha Murthy for starting the company. Mr. Murthy had a dream. But no money. But he has the courage and knowledge and dedication. Early days the company had no phone, no car, no independent office. The company was on the brink of collapse during the early years. Still they managed to keep it float. His conviction about his skills and will power make things happen. Now Infosys is a fortune 500 company and India's second largest software company. Any one invested in 100 shares of Infosys in 1993 when the share was offered at Rs.93 to public, their wealth now stands at more than 2 Crores. This is a truely great success story.
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